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Schriftgröße

Beatrix Kramlovsky

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Roman. Aus dem Englischen von Katharina Förs und Thomas Wollermann.
Insel Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2006
331 Seiten, geb., €20.40

HERRSCHERS  MÄTRESSE

Lily Tucks Roman „Die Geliebte des Diktators“ führt nach Paraguay

Die Bekanntgabe der Preisträger des renommierten National Book Award 2006 in der Sparte Erzählende Prosa überraschte alle: die nur wenigen bekannte Lily Tuck konnte mit ihrem Roman News from Paraguay die Jury für sich gewinnen, stach Kollegen wie Joyce C. Oates oder Philip Roth aus. Die schillernde Geschichte ist ihr erster ins Deutsche übertragene – schade, dass man sich für den so reißerischen Titel Die Geliebte des Diktators entschied.

Besessenheit, sexuelle Hörigkeit, Hingabe spielen eine Rolle, aber eigentlich geht es um die Furcht vor drohender Armut, um Flucht vor Hunger, und um die Strategien, die Menschen entwickeln, um berechtigte Ängste zu bekämpfen.
Ella ist siebzehn, hat Irland, eine Ehe, eine unglückliche Liebe bereits hinter sich und beschließt, nicht mehr verlieren zu wollen, weder einen Mann noch Besitztümer. Der Roman setzt Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts ein, beginnt in Paris und führt den Leser schnell nach Paraguay, nach Asuncion. Ellas erwählter Partner ist der Sohn des Regierenden, Franco López, der seinem despotischen Vater folgt und eine Diktatur errichtet.
Ella registriert die Schwächen, aber sie betrachtet Franco, seinen Reichtum, seine Stellung als Garant für eine sichere Zukunft. Es ist ein Tauschgeschäft, das Sinn macht für sie. Echte Zuneigung und Hörigkeit verhindern bei beiden rechtzeitige Erkenntnis, später, als zunehmend grausame Launen und intrigante Spiele überhand nehmen, zeigt sich die fürchterliche Seite des kindlichen Barbaren: er entwickelt sich zu einem arroganten, Grenzen nicht wahrnehmenden Herrscher.

Politisches Kalkül und aufflammendes Begehren bringen Franco dazu, um die Tochter des brasilianischen Präsidenten anzuhalten. Der Antrag wird abgelehnt, aus verletztem Stolz bricht Franco tödliche Scharmützel vom Zaun. Wie sehr Ella nun ihren Einfluss geltend macht, ist historisch nicht belegbar, jedoch stärkt sie ihm den Rücken, als der Diktator in strahlender Geltungssucht und blindem Wahn ebenfalls Argentinien den Krieg erklärt. Mit Ellas unbeschwertes Leben als offizieller Mätresse, als Mutter perfekt geratener Söhne ist es vorbei.

In sechs grausamen Kriegjahren büßt die Bevölkerung für den Größenwahn des Diktators, wird sie fast ausgelöscht. 1870 endet das blutige Desaster. Franco stirbt im Dschungel, Ella entkommt mit knapper Not, einer ihrer Söhne wird in ihren Armen erstochen. Sie verlässt den Kontinent mit ihren Kindern, organisiert ihnen in London Internatsplätze und stirbt unerkannt in Paris, wo sie sich vergeblich Unterstützung erhofft hat.

Lily Tuck hat viel recherchiert, um dieses so unbekannte Land und die Jahre, in denen es in Blut versank, vorzustellen. Historische Wahrheit, verbürgte Details, Verschwörungen und wissenschaftliche Exkurse wachsen zu einem Roman. Tuck wechselt Perspektiven, Stimmen, Darstellungsart. Briefe, Protokolle, Tagebucheinträge unterbrechen fiktive Szenen,  filmische Techniken schneller Schnitte werden genutzt, Bilder abrupt beendet, die Chronologie der Ereignisse aufgehoben : Schillernde Steinchen und Puzzlesteine, ein Pfad angeschnittener Geschichten, ein flirrendes Gemälde, dessen Aufbau allen Regeln widerspricht. Übersetzt von Katharina Förs und Thomas Wollermann wird die Atemlosigkeit in der deutschen Version wohl vermittelt, die im Amerikanischen besonders auffällige Nutzung  substantivischer Formen ging manchmal verloren.
Nach der Lektüre wissen Leser und Leserinnen einmal mehr: törichte Menschen dürfen tödlich entscheiden, brutale Männer können liebenswert sein, nichts ist einfach zuzuordnen.
Das Buch stößt Grenzen auf, geschrieben von einer Frau, die sich immer als Außenseiterin betrachtet, egal, in welchem Land sie gerade lebt, in einer so erstaunlich neuen Art, dass es nach der Lektüre kaum verwundert, wie leicht es die renommierten Mitbewerber um den Book Award ausgestochen hat.

Will man über Gier als menschlichen Antriebsmotor Neues erfahren, gehört dieses Buch dringend zur Pflichtlektüre.                

B.K.
Veröffentlicht in „DIE  FURCHE“, Nr. 6/8.Februar 2007

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